![]() Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), sudden involuntary movement of the arms and/or legs during sleep.Parasomnias, disruptive sleep-related events involving inappropriate actions during sleep, for example sleepwalking, night-terrors and catathrenia.It differs from enuresis, or bed-wetting, in which the person does not arouse from sleep, but the bladder nevertheless empties. Nocturia, a frequent need to get up and urinate at night.Night terror, Pavor nocturnus, sleep terror disorder, an abrupt awakening from sleep with behavior consistent with terror.About 70% of those who have narcolepsy also have cataplexy, a sudden weakness in the motor muscles that can result in collapse to the floor while retaining full conscious awareness. Narcolepsy, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and so-called "sleep attacks," relatively sudden-onset, irresistible urges to sleep, which may interfere with occupational and social commitments. ![]() Kleine–Levin syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes.Insomnia can also be comorbid with or secondary to other disorders. Insomnia disorder (primary insomnia), chronic difficulty in falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for these symptoms.Idiopathic hypersomnia, a primary, neurologic cause of long-sleeping, sharing many similarities with narcolepsy.Hypopnea syndrome, abnormally shallow breathing or slow respiratory rate while sleeping.Fatal familial insomnia, an extremely rare and universally-fatal prion disease that causes a complete cessation of sleep.Other such disorders are advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD), non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (non-24) in the sighted or in the blind, and irregular sleep wake rhythm, all much less common than DSPD, as well as the situational shift work sleep disorder. Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), inability to awaken and fall asleep at socially acceptable times but no problem with sleep maintenance, a disorder of circadian rhythms.Catathrenia, nocturnal groaning during prolonged exhalation.Bruxism, involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth while sleeping.The following list includes some of them: Among the elderly, the risk of developing sleep disordered breathing, periodic limb movements, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorders, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disturbances is especially increased. Several common factors involved in the onset of a sleep disorder include increased medication use, age-related changes in circadian rhythms, environmental changes, lifestyle changes, pre-diagnosed physiological problems, or stress. However, there is a significant lack of awareness in children with sleep disorders, due to most cases being unidentified. Primary sleep disorders are common in both children and adults. Management of sleep disturbances that are secondary to mental, medical or substance abuse disorders should focus on the underlying conditions. Sleep disruptions can be caused by various issues, including teeth grinding ( bruxism) and night terrors. Others include sleep apnea, narcolepsy and hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness at inappropriate times), sleeping sickness (disruption of sleep cycle due to infection), sleepwalking, and night terrors. When a person struggles to fall asleep and/or stay asleep with no obvious cause, it is referred to as insomnia, the most common sleep disorder. Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, parasomnias, circadian rhythm sleep disorders involving the timing of sleep, and other disorders including ones caused by medical or psychological conditions. Polysomnography and actigraphy are tests commonly ordered for diagnosing sleep disorders. Some sleep disorders are severe enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning. Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Sleep medicine, NeurologyĪ sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of an individual's sleep patterns.
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